The Chickasaw Nation
Present day site of Tchichatala De Crenay 1733, The Territory Between the Chattahoochee and Mississippi Rivers Woodcut Bust of a Chickasaw Warrior by Bernard Romans
The Chickasaw Villages Dating the Chickasaw Beads Chickasaw Villages Defined by Bead Dating

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Database Fields: Artifacts

Database Fields: Glass Beads

Glass Bead Descriptions

Glass Bead Database

Glass Bead Sequence
A Beginning

Major Bead Types/Varieties
Glass Bead Chronology - Start/Finish

Glass Bead Sequence
Major Bead Fields

Glass Bead Sequence
Minor Bead Fields

Glass Bead Sequence
Major & Minor Glass Bead Fields

Glass Bead Chronology
An End, A Beginning

Glass Bead Chronology
Dating

Other Artifacts - Dating

Beads as Heirlooms

Bead Dating Conclusions

Other Factors
Appreciation

Paper 2 Figures

Paper 2 Tables

Paper 2 References


Glass Bead Sequence - The Minor Beads

The minor bead types/varieties are included on Table 2 (with the major bead fields) and amount to the lesser feature ranked beads (less than eighteen features). That the minor beads occur in fewer features is significant to the methods used herein and the confidence of situating the minor beads within the sequence, especially when minor beads occur exclusively and/or as singles, thus further reducing the number of comparative features available. The minor bead graphs differ slightly from the major beads in that minor bead group will be graphed with the major bead sequences.

The graphs will appear much like the minor beads, where on the title line in parenthesis are the abbreviated feature characteristics - the number of features, the number of exclusive features and the number of single bead features. How the minor bead(s) are positioned in the sequence will depend upon their graphical relationship to predecessor and successor major beads and/or with the shell/silver sequence of Figures 3 and 4, as needed.

Figure 16 represents minor bead IB/IIIB XL, as well as the first bead in the Chickasaw sequence.

Figure 16 IB/IIIB XL Minor Glass Bead Associations
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Figure 16 IB/IIIB XL Minor Glass Bead Associations

Note that neighboring minor beads are shown on Figure 16 with the major beads (the first being IVA2). Because of the low number of features, this bead's position was selected by its shell/silver sequence. However, IB/IIIB XL demonstrates the highest kinship to IVA2 of the major beads.

The next bead in the Chickasaw sequence is IA/IIIA VL 1.

Figure 17 IA/IIIA VL 1 Minor Glass Bead Associations
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Figure 17 IA/IIIA VL 1 Minor Glass Bead Associations

With one feature, the location of IA/IIIA VL 1 was situated by the shell/silver sequence, Figures 3 and 4.

IIIA1 is the next minor bead in the sequence.

Figure 18 IIIA1 Minor Glass Bead Associations
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Figure 18 IIIA1 Minor Glass Bead Associations

IIIA1 demonstrates close relations to IVA2, IIA1/IVA1 and IIA/IVA Other. The position of IIIA1 in the sequence was based on its shell sequence position, see Figure 3.

The next minor bead is IVB (IVA2) which occurred in only two features. Its position was located per the shell sequence of Figure 3.

Figure 19 IVB (IVA2) Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 19 IVB (IVA2) Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The next minor bead is IA/IIIA XL which occurred in six features.

Figure 20 IA/IIIA XL Minor Glass Bead Associations
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Figure 20 IA/IIIA XL Minor Glass Bead Associations

Note that the graphs of the four previous minor beads show no major bead associations beyond IIB/IVB, as IA/IIIA XL does. Also, IA/IIIA XL demonstrates a higher % association to IIB/IVB. This first group of minor beads sequence may prove to be reordered because of the few number of features.

The next group of minor beads, WIIB, WIE, IIJ, WIIC VL, WIA L, WIB and WIIC XL will be graphed together along with the major beads. The shell/silver sequence will not be as helpful positioning this group of minor beads as all occurred rarely with shell and never with silver.

WIIB is the next minor bead; its sequence position follows major bead IIB/IVB.

Figure 21 WIIB Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 21 WIIB Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

Since the minor beads normally show more association to the high feature major beads, it is suggested that the sequence of this group of minor beads be viewed watching the two groups of major beads - the predecessors (IIA1/IVA1, IIA/IVA Other, IIB/IVB) and the successors (WIC and WIA VL/XL). WIIB shows stronger relations to the predecessor group and a developing relationship to the successors - WIC and WIA VL/XL. Given the personality of WIIB, it is situated after IIB/IVB.

WIE is the next minor bead in the bead sequence

Figure 22 WIE Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 22 WIE Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The signature of WIE is similar to WIIB; however, WIE demonstrates stronger relationships to WIC and WIA VL/XL and slightly diminished ones to the predecessor group of major beads:IIA1/IVA1, IIA/IVA Other and IIB/IVB. Note that the minor beads, as a group, demonstrate lower % associations compared to the major beads.

The next minor sequenced bead is IIJ.

Figure 23 IIJ Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 23 IIJ Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

IIJ shows decreasing association to the predecessor major beads but an increasing association to the successors. It has a strong affinity to WIIA.

WIIC VL is the next minor bead in the sequence. With one feature, sequencing WIIC VL is difficult by its association to major beads, still it has major and minor bead relationships.

Figure 24 WIIC VL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 24 WIIC VL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

WIA L is the next minor bead in the sequence.

Figure 25 WIA L Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 25 WIA L Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

WIA L like its minor bead predecessors shows decreasing relationships to the predecessor major beads. WIA L, compared to IIJ, demontrates stronger relationships to WID and IA/IIIA Opaque.

WIB is the next minor bead in the bead sequence. Compared to its minor predecessors, WIB shows decreasing relations to the predecessor major beads and increasing relations to the successor major beads.

Figure 26 WIB Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 26 WIB Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The next minor bead in the bead sequence is WIIC XL.

Figure 27 WIIC XL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 27 WIIC XL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

WIIC XL has almost lost association with the predecessor major glass beads while those of the successor major beads have increased dramatically, when compared to WIB.

The next minor bead is WIIIC which will be graphed with major beads only. Note that this bead was most associated with WIA VL/XL. This bead may occur slightly before WIA VL/XL, given the equal association to WIIA.

Figure 28 WIIIC Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 28 WIIIC Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The next minor bead is IA/IIIA Translucent.

Figure 29 IA/IIIA Translucent Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 29 IA/IIIA Translucent Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

IA/IIIA Translucent projects the most interesting signature of any of the Chickasaw beads in that it appears to have two trade lifes - one early centering on an association to IIA1/IVA1 and one later. There are no apparent physical attributes to separate its two trade lifes. Since the later life is dominant among the associations with the major beads, it will be used to sequence IA/IIIA Translucent.

The remaining minor beads, IA/IIIA VL 2, IB/IIIB VL, WIB Wrap, IF/IIIF and IIIA will be grouped graphically with the major beads. Note these beads are all placed after major bead WIA M. Most of these minor beads occurred in few features; however, most occurred with datable silver which is used to sequence these minor beads.

The next minor bead in the sequence is IA/IIIA VL 2. This bead type occurred with IB/IIIB VL in one feature. Fortunately, that feature had datable silver ornaments that place the date of these beads beyond the early 1780s.

Figure 30 IA/IIIA VL 2 Translucent Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 30 IA/IIIA VL 2 Translucent Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The next bead in the sequence is minor bead IB/IIIB VL. Note this bead occurred only in one feature with IA/IIIA VL 2.

Figure 31 IB/IIIB VL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 31 IB/IIIB VL Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

The next bead in the sequence is WIB Wrap.

Figure 32 WIB Wrap Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 32 WIB Wrap Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

WIB Wrap was found with IF/IIIF and silver ornaments some of which were datable to post 1780s. This bead was also found with non datable coin silver ornaments, which normally post date the Canadian silversmiths. In addition, this bead and IF/IIIF date beyond the occupation of the Chickasaw villages, Figure 1. This bead along with IF/IIIF was recovered at Bynum Mound on the Natchez Trace (Courtney-Rausch 42).

The next bead in the sequence is minor bead IF/IIIF.

Figure 33 IF/IIIF Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 33 IF/IIIF Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

IF/IIIF, like WIB Wrap, was found in the Chickasaw villages, Figure 1 and in their isolated family farms settled after village abandonment. Note the earlier associations with WIA VL/XL and WIA M could represent heirlooms.

The last bead in the sequence is minor bead IIIA. These beads are chevron in form.

Figure 34 IIIA Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations
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Figure 34 IIIA Minor Glass Bead Feature Associations

This single IIIA feature was found in the Chickasaw village area, see Figure 1. However, the feature location was located within yards of the trail that became the Natchez Trace (per the 1832 Chickasaw Cession survey notes) which was in use beyond 1836. Datable silver was not found with these beads. IIIA could date earlier than the sequence location proposed.