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Paper 2
Dating the Chickasaw Beads
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Glass Trade Beads
Interviews
Database Fields: Artifacts
Database Fields: Glass Beads
Glass Bead Descriptions
Glass Bead Database
Glass Bead Sequence
A Beginning
Major Bead Types/Varieties
Glass Bead Chronology - Start/Finish
Glass Bead Sequence
Major Bead Fields
Glass Bead Sequence
Minor Bead Fields
Glass Bead Sequence
Major & Minor Glass Bead Fields
Glass Bead Chronology
An End, A Beginning
Glass Bead Chronology
Dating
Other Artifacts - Dating
Beads as Heirlooms
Bead Dating Conclusions
Other Factors
Appreciation
Paper 2 Figures
Paper 2 Tables
Paper 2 References
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It should be noted that WIB Wrap and IF/IIIF (combined in Table 4 as temporal equals) represent seven burial features that were discovered in the Chickasaw villages, Figure 1. IF/IIIF (Courtney-Rausch 42, 51) also occurred in features outside the villages (and this database) forty miles south at the Bynum Mound site. Recall that the Chickasaw villages' abandonment began before 1797. Given their presence in the village areas, WIB Wrap and IF/IIIF traded earlier than abandonment which began in 1797. 1795 may be assumed as the start of trade date for these beads.
Previously 1690 was selected as the ’start of sustained trade’. This phase, ’start of sustained trade’ means that the Carolina plantation owners and/or merchants visited the Chickasaw regularly, i.e. a Carolinian or his agent conducted trade. However, with the volatile Carolinian/Spanish frontier of the 1680s and the Chickasaw need for protection, it may be deduced that trade was instigated by the Chickasaw.
The phrase ’start of trade’ means the date when the Chickasaw began sustained trade with the Carolinians. The 'start of trade' means the date when the Chickasaw sustained trade with the Carolinians. It is logical to assume that, the Chickasaw could pass through other Indian territory easier than the Carolinians. The ’start of sustained trade’ or the Carolinian sponsored trade could not have occurred until the trading path was open and available for the Carolinians.
Therefore, the Carolina/Chickasaw 'start of sustained trade' could not have occurred earlier than the Lower Creek trade (Crane 34) or 1685 when the Carolinians thru Dr. Henry Woodward established trade with Coweta and Kasihta. Crane (Crane 36) noted, "In 1687 other traders appeared in the Creek towns". Nairne (Moore 50) in 1708 while with the Chickasaw wrote, "When Doctor Woodward about 20 years agoe made peace with the Ochesees and Tallapoosies these people having then Friendship with the Chicasaws he sent two of his men hither, who brought them aquainted with the English. Ever since, they have traded with Carolina …". From Nairne the Carolinian "Start of Sustained Trade" may have been slightly earlier than 1690, perhaps 1688. The ’start of trade’ began earlier than 1690, perhaps shortly after the reduction of the Westo (Crane 19) in 1680. The year 1685 will be assumed to be the ’start of trade’. With the ’start of trade’ there should be an explosion of glass bead trade.
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